Motors are essential power equipment in industrial production and daily life, and their normal operation is of utmost importance. The motor winding is like the “heart” of the motor. Once a fault occurs, the performance of the motor will be greatly reduced, or it may even stop working completely. So, how should we deal with motor winding faults when they occur?
There are various types of motor winding faults, among which short circuits and open circuits are relatively common. When a short – circuit fault occurs, the coils in the winding, which are supposed to be insulated, conduct unexpectedly. It’s like there is an unwanted shortcut in the circuit, and the current no longer flows along the normal path. This situation may be due to the aging and damage of the winding insulation layer after long – term operation of the motor, or the erosion of the insulation layer in harsh environments such as high – temperature, humid, and dusty places. An open – circuit fault means that the wire in the winding is broken, and the current cannot flow. This may be because the wire quality is poor, and under the electrodynamic impact caused by the frequent start – up and shutdown of the motor, or due to mechanical vibration, the wire breaks.
When suspecting that there is a fault in the motor winding, the first step is to conduct a test. Professional tools such as a multimeter can be used. Adjust the multimeter to the appropriate resistance range and measure the resistance value of the winding. Under normal circumstances, the resistance value of the motor winding has a specific range, which varies slightly for different motor models. You can refer to the motor manual. If the measured value is very different from the standard value, there may be a fault. For example, the resistance value will decrease significantly in the case of a short circuit, and it will tend to infinity in the case of an open circuit.
After determining the type of fault, we can start to deal with it. For a minor short – circuit fault, if the short – circuit point can be found, carefully clean the impurities at the short – circuit point and re – wrap it with insulating materials to strengthen the insulation. However, if the short – circuit situation is more serious and involves multiple coils, rewinding the winding is often a more reliable method. This requires professionals to select appropriate enameled wire according to the original winding specifications, such as wire material, wire diameter, and number of turns, and carefully wind it on a winding machine. For an open – circuit fault, if the open – circuit point is outside the winding and the break point is easy to find, the disconnected wire can be re – connected. Use methods such as welding to ensure a firm connection and then do a good job of insulation treatment. If the open – circuit point is inside the winding, it is more difficult to find and repair, and usually, the winding also needs to be rewound.
Handling motor winding faults is not an easy task. We need to accurately judge the type of fault and operate with caution. If you are not fully confident in the handling process, seeking the help of professional maintenance personnel can make the motor return to normal operation more efficiently and reliably, ensuring the smooth progress of production and daily life.